PDCA循环在消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者营养全程管理中的效果观察

目的 探讨PDCA 循环在消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者营养全程管理中的效果观察。方法 运用PDCA循环对80例不同程度营养不良的消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者实施营养全程管理,比较干预前后患者的体重、BMI指数、糖化血红蛋白、血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白及球蛋白水平。结果 患者血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白及球蛋白水平均有提高,比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 PDCA循环管理在消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者营养全程管理中有较大的优势, 值得推广。     

基于5G技术的远程会诊系统应用

介绍5G网络技术特点，以江苏省中医院的互联网医院建设实践为例，阐述现有网络5G改造以及基于5G的远程会诊系统构建与应用，指出该系统能够提高远程教学及多学科联合诊疗的效率和准确性。     

一例分化型甲状腺癌患者健康管理全科医生教学案例分析

甲状腺癌已成为北京市增长较快的恶性肿瘤。本文通过介绍1例由全科医生首诊、术后连续随访4年的分化型甲状腺癌患者的诊疗经过，采用临床案例教学方法，重点关注甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别，全科医生接诊甲状腺结节患者的诊治流程及对甲状腺癌患者术后长期监测、健康管理的内容，引导患者规范诊治，以期为逐步实现甲状腺癌患者个体化、不同风险分层的高质量管理，提高在职全科医生、全科医学专业住院医师规范化培训的学员对甲状腺结节、分化型甲状腺癌患者的规范诊治水平，提供参考。     

岗位价值评估在A医院人力资源管理过程的应用

探讨岗位价值评估方法在医院人力资源的管理过程中的应用和意义。采用国际岗位价值评估系统(IPE)对A医院现有140个岗位进行岗位价值评估,并利用岗位评分对人力资源管理问题进行剖析。A医院岗位评估分数的总趋势和总分布结果显示,岗位评估分值曲线现呈较平滑的递减趋势,这表明A医院职能处室内部各类岗位的岗位价值不存在明显差异。从各个职能处室内部来看,内部岗位评价结果分布比较均匀,说明部门内部分工相对合理。岗位价值评价有助于增强医院薪酬分配的公平性,提高薪酬的激励性,也有利于优化医院管理制度,推动医院可持续发展。     

Three opportunities for standardization: A literature review of the variation among pharmacists’ patient care services terminology

BackgroundVariation describing pharmacists’ patient care services exist, and this variation contributes to the prevalent misunderstanding of pharmacists' roles. In contrast, standard phraseology is a critical practice among highly reliable organizations and a way to reduce variation and confusion.ObjectiveThis work aims to identify and define pharmacists’ patient care service terms to identify redundancies and opportunities for standardization.MethodsBetween May to August 2018, terms and definitions were searched via PubMed, Google Scholar and statements/policies of professional pharmacy organizations. Two references per term were sought to provide an “early definition” and a “contemporary definition.” Only literature published in English was included, and data gathered from each citation included the date published, the term's definition, and characterization of the reference's source as either a regulatory or professional body. A five-person expert panel used an iterative technique to revise and verify the list of included terms and subsequent literature review results. Terms were then searched in the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Heading Database (MeSH) in July, 2019.ResultsThere are fifteen commonly misunderstood terms that refer to the patient care services provided by pharmacists. The appearance of these terms in the literature spanned nearly five decades. Nearly half of terms appeared first in regulatory, law or policy documents; of these, two terms had contemporary definitions appearing in the professional literature that differed from their early regulatory definition. Three opportunities to improve standardization include: (1) Implementation of standardized phraseology systems similar to nursing's Clinical Care Classification System; (2) Academics' adherence to standardized MeSH terms; and (3) Clarification of pharmacy education accreditation standards.ConclusionNumerous terms are used to describe pharmacists' patient care services, with many definitions of terms overlapping in several key components. The profession has made concerted efforts to consolidate and standardize terminology in the past, but more opportunities exist.     

嗜肺军团菌致病性与效应蛋白的研究进展

嗜肺军团菌是一种可以引起军团菌肺炎和庞蒂亚克热的兼性胞内病原菌，主要侵染阿米巴原虫和人类巨噬细胞。该菌在宿主胞内能依靠Dot/Icm IVB型分泌系统产生的效应蛋白成功逃避溶酶体的降解。本文主要对嗜肺军团菌的致病物质、胞内存活与增殖机制及其效应蛋白的生物学功能进行综述，详细介绍嗜肺军团菌的毒力因子与致病机制，为军团病防治的研究提供新思路，也为其他胞内病原菌所致感染性疾病的研究提供重要的借鉴意义。     

序贯培养体系和单一培养体系对人卵母细胞受精和早期胚胎发育的影响

目的：比较在体外受精/卵胞质内单精子显微注射（IVF/ICSI）治疗周期中序贯培养体系和单一培养体系对人类早期胚胎发育的影响，为人类辅助生殖技术中胚胎培养体系的选择和评估提供参考。方法：选取155例行IVF/ICSI助孕的患者，将同一个患者的卵子分为2组，分别在Vitrolife的序贯培养体系G-IVF/G1/G2培养液（序贯培养组）和Irvine的单一培养体系CSCC培养液（单一培养组）中进行体外受精和胚胎培养，观察2组不同培养体系中胚胎受精和胚胎早期发育情况。结果：与单一培养组比较，序贯培养组受精率、双原核（2PN）受精率和多核受精率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在IVF患者中，序贯培养组和单一培养组的卵裂率、可用胚胎率、优质胚胎率和囊胚形成率比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；在ICSI患者中，序贯培养组和单一培养组的卵裂率、可用胚胎率和囊胚形成率比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），但序贯培养组优质胚胎率明显高于单一培养组（P=0.015）。在IVF和ICSI患者中，单一培养组第3天胚胎致密化的比例均明显高于序贯培养组（P=0.001）。在序贯培养组中胚胎形态表面光滑均匀，单一培养组中胚胎表面较为粗糙且有颗粒状。结论：G-IVF/G1/G2序贯培养体系和CSCC单一培养体系对人卵母细胞受精和早期胚胎发育的影响无明显差异。     

妇产科住院医师临床技能培训体系构建

妇产科学是一门涉及面广、实践性和操作性均很强的学科,对医生临床操作能力的要求也格外严格。妇产科住院医师临床技能操作水平的高低是评价其岗位胜任力的重要指标,开展全面、规范的临床技能培训,有利于切实提高其临床操作能力,是培养合格妇产科专科医师的必经途径。研究以南京医科大学附属妇产医院为例,讲述了该院从目标体系、过程管理体系、考核评价体系和质量控制体系4个方面出发,探索构建适合专科医院特色的妇产科住院医师临床技能培训体系,并在实践过程中不断完善该体系,以期不断提升妇产科住院医师的临床工作能力,有效增强其岗位胜任力和综合素质。     

Polypharmacy among patients with multiple sclerosis: a qualitative systematic review

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The consequences of polypharmacy (intake of ≥ 5 drugs) are diverse, including drug interactions, rising costs and side effects. Risk groups for polypharmacy are multimorbid and chronically ill people, such as patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is the most common neuroimmunological disease in young adults worldwide. We aimed to provide a systematic overview of the current research status regarding frequency and predictors of polypharmacy in MS patients.

Methods: A systematic literature search in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. English and German original research articles were included.

Results: Seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this review, while the research objectives and methods were very heterogenous. The polypharmacy rates in these studies ranged from 15% to 59%. Polypharmacy correlated with comorbidities, increased disability, cognitive deficits, increased hospitalization, higher relapse rate and lower quality of life.

Conclusions: In MS patients, polypharmacy is common and closely associated with health issues. There is a great need for research in this area, especially regarding longitudinal changes in drug utilization. Effective networks between physicians and pharmacists are needed to optimize medication management for patients and to achieve the best possible therapy results.     

Derivation and Validation of a Model to Predict 30-Day Readmission in Surgical Patients Discharged to Skilled Nursing Facility

ObjectivesTo identify factors associated with 30-day all-cause readmission rates in surgical patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), and derive and validate a risk score.DesignRetrospective cohort.Setting and participantsPatients admitted to 1 tertiary hospital's surgical services between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2014 and subsequently discharged to 110 SNFs within a 25-mile radius of the hospital. The first 2 years were used for the derivation set and the last 2 for validation.MethodsData were collected on 30-day all cause readmissions, patient demographics, procedure and surgical service, comorbidities, laboratory tests, and prior health care utilization. Multivariate regression was used to identify risk factors for readmission.ResultsDuring the study period, 2405 surgical patients were discharged to 110 SNFs, and 519 (21.6%) of these patients experienced readmission within 30 days. In a multivariable regression model, hospital length of stay [odds ratio (OR) per day: 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.04], number of hospitalizations in past year (OR 1.24 per hospitalization, 95% CI 1.18-1.31), nonelective surgery (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.18-1.65), low-risk service (orthopedic/spine service) (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.25-0.42), and intermediate-risk service (cardiothoracic surgery/urology/gynecology/ear, nose, throat) (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.88) were associated with all-cause readmissions. The model had a C index of 0.71 in the validation set. Using the following risk score [0.8 × (hospital length of stay) + 7 × (number of hospitalizations in past year) +10 for nonelective surgery, +36 for high-risk surgery, and +20 for intermediate-risk surgery], a score of >40 identified patients at high risk of 30-day readmission (35.8% vs 12.6%, P < .001).Conclusions/ImplicationsAmong surgical patients discharged to an SNF, a simple risk score with 4 parameters can accurately predict the risk of 30-day readmission.